The AIDS dementia complex is the decline of mental processes, meaning that the HI virus has literally gone to their heads.

AIDS dementia complex is caused by the HI virus itself, and not by the opportunistic infections that occur commonly in the course of the disease. Although it is not known exactly how the virus damages the brain cells, it is thought that viral proteins damage nerve cells directly or infect inflammatory cells in the brain and spinal cord and eventually disable nerve cells.

Common symptoms of early dementia include poor concentration, mental slowness, difficulty learning new things, changes in behaviour, decreased libido, forgetfulness, confusion and withdrawal from hobbies or social activities. Symptoms of worsening dementia include speech problems, balance problems, clumsiness, muscle weakness, vision problems, loss of bladder control and occasionally, loss of bowel control.

For a person who knows they are HIV positive, the onset of cognitive, behavioural and motor symptoms suggests they might have AIDS dementia complex. It is important to visit a health care practitioner as soon as possible as the symptoms may have resulted from other disorders such as degenerative brain disease, a stroke, tumour or metabolic disorders.

Upon visiting your local health care practitioner, your doctor will perform a series of tests including a medical interview, physical and mental status examination, CT and/or MRI scan, neuropsychological testing and possibly a spinal tap. It all sounds scary and intimidating, but these tests will only be performed if your doctor seriously suspects you may have AIDS dementia complex, and the sooner your condition is determined the better your chances of receiving treatment.

Research has also found that HIV sufferers who administer anti-retroviral treatments stand a lower chance of progressing to AIDS dementia complex and that the rate has declined from 30-60% of people infected with HIV to less than 20% if they take their medication correctly. Staying active and exercising also maintains mental functions as well as engaging in cognitive exercises such as doing puzzles, reading and playing board games.

As with HIV, there is no cure for AIDS dementia complex, but doctors can usually administer medication to treat the symptoms of the disease. However, going for regular check-ups and using anti-retroviral drugs can lower your chances of progressing to AIDS dementia complex. Leading a healthy and balanced lifestyle also plays a big role and is the best preventative method for HIV sufferers.

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